The gastrointestinal tract harbors numerous commensal bacteria, referred to as the
microbiota, that benefit host health by digesting dietary components and eliminating …

The immune system has coevolved with extensive microbial communities living on barrier
sites that are collectively known as the microbiota. It is increasingly clear that microbial …

Increasing evidence indicates that the brain regulates peripheral immunity, yet whether and
how the brain represents the state of the immune system remains unclear. Here, we show …

Tissue resident memory CD8+ T (TRM) cells offer rapid and long-term protection at sites of
reinfection. Tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes with characteristics of TRM cells maintain …

Gut commensal bacteria with the ability to translocate across the intestinal barrier can drive
the development of diverse immune-mediated diseases,,–. However, the key factors that …

The intimate relationship between the epithelium and immune system is crucial for
maintaining tissue homeostasis, with perturbations therein linked to autoimmune disease …

The gut microbiota is implicated in immune system functions. Regulation of the metabolic
processes occurring in immune cells is crucial for the maintenance of homeostasis and …

Much of our knowledge regarding the interactions between epithelial tissues and the
immune system has been gathered from animal models and co-cultures with cell lines …

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a common clinical chronic disease, while its
pathogenesis is still inconclusive. Intestinal flora, the largest micro-ecological system in the …

The immune system employs recognition tools to communicate with its microbial
evolutionary partner. Among all the methods of microbial perception, T cells enable the …