Vegetation greenness has been increasing globally since at least 1981, when satellite
technology enabled large-scale vegetation monitoring. The greening phenomenon, together …

Vegetation composition shifts, and in particular, shrub expansion across the Arctic tundra
are some of the most important and widely observed responses of high-latitude ecosystems …

It is unequivocal that the increases in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4)
and nitrous oxide (N2O) since the pre-industrial period are caused by human activities. The …

Chapter 2, building on prior assessments, provides a global assessment of the observed
impacts and projected risks of climate change to terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems …

As the Arctic warms, vegetation is responding, and satellite measures indicate widespread
greening at high latitudes. This 'greening of the Arctic'is among the world's most important …

The tundra is warming more rapidly than any other biome on Earth, and the potential
ramifications are far-reaching because of global feedback effects between vegetation and …

Woody vegetation in grasslands and savannas has increased worldwide over the past 100–
200 years. This phenomenon of “woody plant encroachment”(WPE) has been documented …

The identification of properties that contribute to the persistence and resilience of
ecosystems despite climate change constitutes a research priority of global relevance. Here …

Tropical savannas are a globally extensive biome prone to rapid vegetation change in
response to changing environmental conditions. Via a meta‐analysis, we quantified …

Snow is an important driver of ecosystem processes in cold biomes. Snow accumulation
determines ground temperature, light conditions, and moisture availability during winter. It …