Tests with vertebrates are an integral part of environmental hazard identification and risk
assessment of chemicals, plant protection products, pharmaceuticals, biocides, feed …

The aim of ecotoxicology is to study toxic effects on constituents of ecosystems, with the
protection goal being populations and communities rather than individual organisms. In this …

Abstract Models were developed to predict the bioconcentration of well‐metabolized
chemicals by rainbow trout. The models employ intrinsic clearance data from in vitro studies …

The occurrence of pharmaceuticals in the environment presents a challenge of growing
concern. In contrast to many industrial compounds, pharmaceuticals undergo extensive …

To estimate the bioconcentration factor (BCF), the in vitro intrinsic clearance (CLIN VITRO,
INT) from rainbow trout liver S9 fractions (RT-S9) can be applied to in vitro–in vivo …

In vitro biotransformation rates were determined for 30 chemicals, mostly fragrance
ingredients, using trout liver S9 fractions (RT-S9) and incorporated into in vitro–in vivo …

In vitro assays are widely employed to obtain intrinsic clearance estimates used in
toxicokinetic modeling efforts. However, the reliability of these methods is seldom reported …

α-, β-, and γ-Hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) were subjected to in vitro
biotransformation experiments with rat and trout liver S9 fractions for different incubation …

Bioaccumulation in aquatic species is a critical end point in the regulatory assessment of
chemicals. Few measured fish bioconcentration factors (BCFs) are available for fragrance …

Bioconcentration factors (BCFs) in rainbow trout were measured for 10 anionic surfactants
with a range of alkyl chain lengths and different polar head groups. The BCFs ranged from …