In the development of central nervous system (CNS) drugs, the blood–brain barrier (BBB)
restricts many drugs from entering the brain to exert therapeutic effects. Although many …

The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a prime focus for clinicians to maintain the homeostatic
function in health and deliver the theranostics in brain cancer and number of neurological …

The blood–brain barrier (BBB) represents the tightest endothelial barrier within the
cardiovascular system characterized by very low ionic permeability. Our aim was to describe …

The establishment of in vitro models of the BBB is significant for the evaluation of the
mechanism and permeability of drugs and their sustained-release formulations across the …

Pharmacological treatment of central nervous system (CNS) disorders is difficult, because
the blood–brain barrier (BBB) restricts the penetration of many drugs into the brain. To solve …

The complexity of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) and neurovascular unit (NVU) was and still
is a challenge to bridge. A highly selective, restrictive and dynamic barrier, formed at the …

The negative surface charge of brain microvessel endothelial cells is derived from the
special composition of their membrane lipids and the thick endothelial surface glycocalyx …

Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic environmental pollutant released from the smelting and
refining of metals and cigarette smoking. Oral exposure to cadmium may result in adverse …

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is formed by brain capillary endothelial cells (BECs)
supported by pericytes and astrocytes. The BBB maintains homeostasis and protects the …

The brain insulin metabolism alteration has been addressed as a pathophysiological factor
underlying Alzheimer's disease (AD). Insulin can be beneficial in AD, but its macro …