Two classes of nucleases degrade the cellular DNA during apoptosis. Cell-autonomous
nucleases cleave DNA within the dying cell. They are not essential for apoptotic cell death or …

Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) is a mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)
kinase kinase of the c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38 MAPK pathways. ASK1 is …

In order to elucidate the role of the mitogen-activated protein kinases, including JNK, p38
MAPK and ERK, as well as the survival-associated PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, in the …

Apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) was identified as a MAP3K that activates the
JNK and p38 pathways, and subsequent studies have reported ASK2 and ASK3 as …

The exact molecular mechanisms underlying the cellular effects associated with various
flavonoids have yet to be fully explained. In the present study, we have administered several …

The nuclear factor (NF)-κB pathway plays a central role in inflammatory and immune
responses, with aberrant activation of NF-κB signaling being implicated in various human …

Calcium and integrin binding protein 1 (CIB1) is a Ca2+-binding protein of 22 kDa that was
initially identified as a protein that interacts with integrin αIIb. Although it interacts with …

Protein arginine methylation, catalyzed by protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs), is
implicated in modulation of cellular processes including gene transcription. The role of …

Cyclophilin A (CypA), a member of the immunophilin family, is predominantly localized in the
cytoplasm. The peptidylprolyl isomerase (PPIase) activity of CypA has been demonstrated to …

Microglia, the resident macrophages of the mammalian central nervous system, migrate to
sites of tissue damage or infection and become activated. Although the persistent secretion …