We have reviewed the literature and have identified more than 100 diseases or conditions
that are associated with raised concentrations of plasma total homocysteine. The …

The global health burden of chronic kidney disease is rapidly rising, and chronic kidney
disease is an important risk factor for cerebrovascular disease. Proposed underlying …

Cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) is high,
and the presence of CKD worsens outcomes of cardiovascular disease (CVD). CKD is …

Diabetic nephropathy is the most common cause of CKD and represents a large and
ominous public health problem. Patients with diabetic kidney disease have exceptionally …

Patients with chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease are at 5-to 10-fold higher
risk for developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) than age-matched controls. Clinically …

Introduction: Uremic syndrome of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a term used to describe
clinical, metabolic, and hormonal abnormalities associated with progressive kidney failure. It …

Individuals at all stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) have a higher risk of developing
cognitive disorders and dementia. Stroke is also highly prevalent in this population and is …

The incidence of stroke is substantially higher among hemodialysis patients than among
patients with earlier stages of CKD, but to what extent the initiation of dialysis accelerates the …

Chronic kidney disease has a graded and independent inverse impact on cerebrovascular
health. Both thrombotic and hemorrhagic complications are highly prevalent in chronic …

Cerebrovascular disease and stroke are very common at all stages of chronic kidney
disease (CKD), likely representing both shared risk factors as well as synergy among risk …