Cancer is a disease caused by the accumulation of genetic and epigenetic changes in two
types of genes: tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) and proto-oncogenes. Extensive research …

The DNA mismatch repair (MMR) system is necessary for the maintenance of genomic
stability. In a broad sense, all main functions of the MMR system, including the correction of …

Microsatellite instability (MSI) has been identified in several tumors arising from either
germline or somatic aberration. The presence of MSI in cancer predicts the sensitivity to …

Background The response to first-line, platinum-based treatment of muscle-invasive bladder
cancer has not improved in 3 decades. Objective To identify genes that influence cisplatin …

Background Microsatellite instability (MSI), a hypermutator phenotype described in many
cancers, has emerged as a predictive biomarker for immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy …

Defects in the DNA mismatch repair proteins result in microsatellite instability and
malignancy in hereditary non‐polyposis colorectal carcinoma (HNPCC). However, the role …

Microsatellite instability (MSI) seems to be a rare event in hepatocarcinogenesis and might
actually be associated with the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in which the …

Purpose: Malignant tumors show an inherent genetic instability that can be classified as
microsatellite instability (MSI) or chromosomal instability (CIN). To elucidate the differences …

DNA damage response and repair genes (DDR genes) are commonly mutated in bladder
cancer. The biological impact of these mutations is an area of intense basic, translational …

Tumor suppressor genes play a prominent role in the modification and progression of
urinary bladder carcinogenesis as a result of classic genetic alterations. Little is known …