Modulating neural electrophysiology with high precision is essential for understanding
neural communication and for the diagnosis and treatment of neural disorders. Photothermal …

The cochlear implant (CI) is the first effective treatment for deafness and severe losses in
hearing. As such, the CI is now widely regarded as one of the great advances in modern …

Homo-and heterojunctions play essential roles in semiconductor-based devices such as
field-effect transistors, solar cells, photodetectors and light-emitting diodes. Semiconductor …

Various neuromodulation approaches have been employed to alter neuronal spiking activity
and thus regulate brain functions and alleviate neurological disorders. Infrared neural …

Unmodified neurons can be directly stimulated with light to produce action potentials, but
such techniques have lacked localization of the delivered light energy. Here we show that …

Optical stimulation has enabled important advances in the study of brain function and other
biological processes, and holds promise for medical applications ranging from hearing …

The maturation of nanotechnology has revealed it to be a unique and distinct discipline
rather than a specialization within a larger field. Its textbook cannot afford to be a chemistry …

A new method for in vivo neural activation using low-intensity, pulsed infrared light exhibits
advantages over standard electrical means by providing contact-free, spatially selective …

A novel method for damage-free, artifact-free stimulation of neural tissue using pulsed, low-
energy infrared laser light is presented. Optical stimulation elicits compound nerve and …

Methods and therapeutics are provided for treating metabolic disorders by activation of
melanocortin signaling pathways. Generally, the methods and therapeutics can induce …