Heat flow and heat production data complement seismic information and provide strong
constraints on crustal composition, thickness and evolution. They have helped understand …

Thermal structure of the lithosphere exerts a primary control on its strength and density and
thereby its dynamic evolution as the outer thermal and mechanic boundary layer of the …

The number of heat flow measurements at the Earth surface has significantly increased
since the last global analysis (Pollack et al., 1993, https://doi. org/10.1029/93RG01249), and …

We propose a continental lithosphere heat production model based on the petrology of crust
and mantle, heat production measurements of surface and xenolith samples, and tectono …

Recent studies of the focal depths of earthquakes in old continental lithosphere have shown
that they are almost entirely confined to the crust. Except where recent subduction of oceanic …

How cratons—extremely stable continental areas of the Earth's crust—formed and remained
largely unchanged for more than 2,500 million years is much debated. Recent studies of …

Plate tectonic theory was developed 50 years ago and underpins most of our understanding
of Earth's evolution. The theory explains observations of magnetic lineations on the seafloor …

Two important problems of continental tectonics may be resolved by recognizing that most
subduction zone backarcs have hot, thin, and weak lithospheres over considerable widths …

It is well recognized that active arc volcanism at nearly all subduction zones requires
temperatures greater than 1200° C in the subarc mantle, despite the underthrusting cool …

Even a cursory historical look at the development of geology reveals that the cooling of the
Earth has always been a central issue (Birch, 1965; Fourier, 1824; Holmes, 1915; Joly …