Although a rich record of Pleistocene human-associated archaeological assemblages
exists, the scarcity of hominin fossils often impedes the understanding of which hominins …

Ontogenetic studies help us understand the processes of evolutionary change. Previous
studies on Neandertals have focused mainly on dental development and inferred an …

Synanthropic behavior, ie, the behavior of wild animals that benefit from a shared ecology
with humans, has existed long before the sedentarization of Homo sapiens during the …

Twenty-nine carpal bones of Homo neanderthalensis have been recovered from the site of
El Sidrón (Asturias, Spain) during excavations between 1994 and 2009, alongside∼ 2500 …

Explanations for patterns of healed trauma in Neanderthals have been a matter of debate for
several decades. Despite widespread evidence for recovery from injuries or survival despite …

Fossil hominids often processed material held between their upper and lower teeth. Pulling
with one hand and cutting with the other, they occasionally left impact cut marks on the lip …

Footprints represent a unique snapshot of hominin life. They provide information on the size
and composition of groups that differs from osteological and archeological remains, whose …

The analysis of activity-related dental wear patterns in prehistoric anatomically modern
humans and modern hunter-gatherers has shown sex differences attributable to a gendered …

Here, we present the analysis of occlusal molar microwear textures of eight individuals from
the El Sidrón Neandertal group (Spain). The aims of the study were: 1) to document potential …

Analysis of dental calculus is increasingly important in archaeology, although the focus has
hitherto been on dietary reconstruction. Non-edible material has, however, recently been …