Staying ahead of the arms race against rust and mildew diseases in cereal crops is essential
to maintain and preserve food security. The methodological challenges associated with …

Filamentous plant pathogens cause disease in numerous economically important crops.
These pathogens secrete virulence proteins, termed effectors, that modulate host cellular …

Plant intracellular nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptors (NLRs) detect pathogen
effectors to trigger immune responses. Indirect recognition of a pathogen effector by the …

Elucidating the similarity and diversity of pathogen effectors is critical to understand their
evolution across fungal phytopathogens. However, rapid divergence that diminishes …

Many resistance genes deployed against pathogens in crops are intracellular nucleotide-
binding (NB) leucine-rich repeat (LRR) receptors (NLRs). The ability to rationally engineer …

In plants, host–pathogen coevolution often manifests in reciprocal, adaptive genetic
changes through variations in host nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat immune receptors …

Factors including climate change and increased global exchange are set to escalate the
prevalence of plant diseases, posing an unprecedented threat to global food security and …

Plants deploy extracellular and intracellular immune receptors to sense and restrict
pathogen attacks. Rapidly evolving pathogen effectors play crucial roles in suppressing …

Plant nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLRs) immune receptors directly or indirectly
recognize pathogen-secreted effector molecules to initiate plant defense. Recognition of …

Plant pathogens secrete proteins, known as effectors, that function in the apoplast or inside
plant cells to promote virulence. Effector recognition by cell-surface or cytosolic receptors …