Research on inequality in punishment has a long and storied history, yet the overwhelming
focus has been on episodic disparity in isolated stages of criminal case processing (eg …

Over the past 35 years, public and private actors have turned US criminal justice institutions
into a vast network of revenue-generating operations. Today, practices such as fines, fees …

Monetary sanctions, also known as legal financial obligations (LFOs), are a highly
consequential yet underexplored element of the criminal legal system. LFOs consist of fines …

During the last few decades, criminologists have identified several adult roles and statuses,
including employment, positive family relations, and economic stability, as critical for …

Court-related fines and fees are widely levied on criminal defendants who are frequently
poor and have little capacity to pay. Such financial obligations may produce a criminalization …

People of color or mixed race account for more than half of all people experiencing
homelessness, despite comprising less than a quarter of the total population in the United …

With evidence comprising three years of ethnographic research in child support courts and
125 in-depth interviews with formerly incarcerated fathers, the author shows how criminal …

People involved with the criminal justice system in the United States are disproportionately
low-income and indebted. The experience of incarceration intensifies financial hardship …

People convicted of crime are often treated as atomistic individuals by the criminal justice
system, ignoring the fact that they are largely embedded in social networks. Research shows …

Children's indirect exposure to the justice system through biological parents or coresident
adults is both a marker of their own vulnerability and a measure of the justice system's …