An imbalance between excitation and inhibition has been a longstanding proposed
mechanism regarding ictogenesis and epileptogenesis. This imbalance is related to …

An insult to the brain (such as the first seizure) causes excitotoxicity, neuroinflammation, and
production of reactive oxygen/nitrogen species (ROS/RNS). ROS and RNS produced during …

Objective Central pain augmentation resulting from enhanced excitatory and/or decreased
inhibitory neurotransmission is a proposed mechanism underlying the pathophysiology of …

Mitochondrial oxidative stress and dysfunction are contributing factors to various
neurological disorders. Recently, there has been increasing evidence supporting the …

Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress contribute to several neurologic disorders
and have recently been implicated in acquired epilepsies such as temporal lobe epilepsy …

Purpose: To evaluate the reproducibility of γ‐amino‐butyric acid (GABA) and glutamate
concentrations derived using three different spectral fitting methods, and to investigate …

There are increasing reports of cognitive and psychological declines related to occupational
stress in subjects without psychiatric premorbidity or major life trauma. The underlying …

Gender dysphoria is suggested to be a consequence of sex atypical cerebral differentiation.
We tested this hypothesis in a magnetic resonance study of voxel-based morphometry and …

Objective Aberrant thalamocortical network has been hypothesized to play a crucial role in
the fundamental pathogenesis underlying idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE). We aimed …

Conventionally, epilepsy is dichotomized into distinct “focal” and “generalized” categories.
However, many studies have reported so‐called focal features among patients with …