Background Recently, the hallmarks of aging were updated to include dysbiosis, disabled
macroautophagy, and chronic inflammation. In particular, the low-grade chronic …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic progressive demyelinating disease of the central
nervous system (CNS) due to an increase of abnormal peripherally auto-reactive T …

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rapidly debilitating fatal neurodegenerative disorder,
causing muscle atrophy and weakness, which leads to paralysis and eventual death. ALS …

Neuronal death and inflammatory response are two common pathological hallmarks of
acute central nervous system injury and chronic degenerative disorders, both of which are …

Abstract Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) is the most extensively studied member
of the PARP superfamily, with its primary function being the facilitation of DNA damage …

Multiple neurotoxic proteinopathies co-exist within vulnerable neuronal populations in all
major neurodegenerative diseases. Interactions between these pathologies may modulate …

Mitochondria play an essential role in supplying energy for the health and survival of
neurons. Mitophagy is a metabolic process that removes dysfunctional or redundant …

Autophagy is a dynamic process that maintains the normal homeostasis of cells by digesting
and degrading aging proteins and damaged organelles. The effect of autophagy on neural …

Autophagy plays a key role in cellular, tissue and organismal homeostasis and in the
production of the energy load needed at critical times during development and in response …

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a lethal neurodegenerative disease that usually
results in respiratory paralysis in an interval of 2 to 4 years. ALS shows a multifactorial …