Emotional stress provokes a stereotyped pattern of autonomic and endocrine changes that
is highly conserved across diverse mammalian species. Nearly 50 years ago, a specific …

The prevalence and severity of cardiovascular disease (CVD) are exacerbated by chronic
stress exposure. While stress-induced sympathetic activity and elevated glucocorticoid …

Physiological and anatomic methods were used to determine whether neurons in the rostral
ventrolateral medulla (RVLM), nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS), or hypothalamic …

Both the dorsomedial hypothalamic nucleus (DMH) and the paraventricular hypothalamic
nucleus (PVN) have been implicated in the neural control of the cardiovascular response to …

The hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis is the critical mediator of the vertebrate
stress response system, responding to environmental stressors by maintaining internal …

We determined the cardiovascular effects of microinjecting the GABAA receptor antagonist,
bicuculline, into the rostral raphe pallidus (RPa) on arterial pressure (AP), heart rate (HR) …

Activation of neurons in the region of the dorsomedial hypothalamus (DMH) appears to
generate the sympathetically mediated tachycardia seen in experimental stress in rats. The …

Modafinil is a selective wakefulness‐promoting agent with beneficial effects in narcolepsy
and conditions of sleep deprivation. In a double‐blind study we examined its effects in 30 …

Hypoglycemia provokes a multifaceted counterregulatory response involving the
sympathoadrenal system, stimulation of glucagon secretion, and the hypothalamo-pituitary …

The paraventricular nucleus (PVN) contains neurons that release corticotrophin-releasing
factor (CRH) and thus provide the stimulus for the release of adrenocorticotrophic hormone …