After cell entry, human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) replication involves reverse
transcription of the RNA genome, nuclear import of the subviral complex without nuclear …

Stress proteins (SPs) including heat-shock proteins (HSPs), RNA chaperones, and ER
associated stress proteins are molecular chaperones essential for cellular homeostasis. The …

Vectors derived from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are highly efficient vehicles for in
vivo gene delivery. However, their biosafety is of major concern. Here we exploit the …

Retroviral vectors derived from lentiviruses such as HIV-1 are promising tools for human
gene therapy because they mediate the in vivo delivery and long-term expression of …

Enveloped viruses that rely on a low pH-dependent step for entry initiate infection by fusing
with acidic endosomes, whereas the entry sites for pH-independent viruses, such as HIV-1 …

The integration of a DNA copy of the viral RNA genome into host chromatin is the defining
step of retroviral replication. This enzymatic process is catalyzed by the virus-encoded …

HIV-1 replication requires transport of nascent viral DNA and associated virion proteins, the
retroviral preintegration complex (PIC), into the nucleus. Too large for passive diffusion …

Delivering the virus genome into the host nucleus through the nuclear pore complex (NPC)
is pivotal in human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) infection. The mechanism of this …

Because of their ability to transduce nondividing cells, human immunodeficiency virus type 1
(HIV)-based vectors have great potential for the therapeutic delivery of genes to cells. We …

The Gag proteins of HIV-1, like those of other retroviruses, are necessary and sufficient for
the assembly of virus-like particles. The roles played by HIV-1 Gag proteins during the life …