The gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neuronal network generates pulse and surge
modes of gonadotropin secretion critical for puberty and fertility. The arcuate nucleus …

Daily rhythms in behavior, physiology, and metabolism are an integral part of homeostasis.
These rhythms emerge from interactions between endogenous circadian clocks and …

The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), site of the primary clock in the circadian rhythm system,
has three major afferent connections. The most important consists of a retinohypothalamic …

Kisspeptins are neuropeptides encoded by the Kiss1 gene, which have been implicated in
the neuroendocrine regulation of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) secretion. The …

The Kiss1 gene codes for kisspeptins, which have been implicated in the neuroendocrine
regulation of reproduction. In the brain, Kiss1 mRNA-expressing neurons are located in the …

Seasonality is an important adaptive trait in temperate fish species as it entrains or regulates
most physiological events such as reproductive cycle, growth profile, locomotor activity and …

Precise timing in hormone release from the hypothalamus, the pituitary and ovary is critical
for fertility. Hormonal release patterns of the reproductive axis are regulated by a feedback …

A fundamental principle in reproductive neuroendocrinology is sex steroid feedback: steroid
hormones secreted by the gonads circulate back to the brain to regulate the neural circuits …

The gonadal steroids estradiol and progesterone exert critical suppressive and stimulatory
actions upon the brain to control gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) release that …

The preovulatory GnRH/LH surge depends on the presence of estradiol (E2) and is gated by
a circadian oscillator in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) that causes the surge to occur …