The human microbiome is overly exposed to antibiotics, due, not only to their medical use,
but also to their utilization in farm animals and crops. Microbiome composition can be rapidly …

In recent years, the increase in human microbiome research brought about by the rapidly
evolving “omic” technologies has established that the balance among the microbial groups …

Study objective: To review the “protective” effects of having a higher number of siblings for
the risk of atopic eczema, asthma wheezing, hay fever, and allergic sensitisation. Method …

The etiology of allergic disease is not understood, but a decreased exposure to infection
may play an important role. There are few published data on the impact of change in …

Early-life experiences and environmental exposures have been associated with childhood
asthma. To investigate further whether the timing of such experiences and exposures is …

Background: It has been suggested that the rise in prevalence of allergic disease in
westernized countries is due in part to a decrease in exposure to infections and an increase …

Background Associations of larger families with lower prevalences of hay fever, eczema and
objective markers of allergic sensitization have been found fairly consistently in affluent …

Objectives To determine whether early infectious diseases could explain the association
between number of siblings and other markers of microbial exposure and the development …

Background To study the effects of household crowding upon the respiratory health of young
children living in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. Methods Case-control study with children …

There is still considerable confusion and debate about the appropriate methods for
analyzing prevalence studies, and a number of recent papers have argued that prevalence …