Planets form in disks of gas and dust around young stars. The disk molecular reservoirs and
their chemical evolution affect all aspects of planet formation, from the coagulation of dust …

Planets form and obtain their compositions in dust-and gas-rich disks around young stars,
and the outcome of this process is intimately linked to the disk chemical properties. The …

The Molecules with ALMA at Planet-forming Scales (MAPS) Large Program provides a
unique opportunity to study the vertical distribution of gas, chemistry, and temperature in the …

The Molecules with ALMA at Planet-forming Scales (MAPS) Large Program provides a
detailed, high-resolution (∼ 10–20 au) view of molecular line emission in five protoplanetary …

High spatial resolution CO observations of midinclination (≈ 30–75) protoplanetary disks
offer an opportunity to study the vertical distribution of CO emission and temperature. The …

The elemental composition of the gas and dust in a protoplanetary disk influences the
compositions of the planets that form in it. We use the Molecules with ALMA at Planet …

In circumstellar disks around T Tauri stars, visible and near-infrared stellar irradiation is
intercepted by dust at the disk's optical surface and reprocessed into thermal infrared. It …

Context. Embedded planets are potentially the cause of substructures, such as gaps and
cavities, observed in the continuum images of several protoplanetary discs. Likewise, gas …

The chemical reservoir within protoplanetary disks has a direct impact on planetary
compositions and the potential for life. A long-lived carbon-and nitrogen-rich chemistry at …

Gas mass remains one of the most difficult protoplanetary disk properties to constrain. With
much of the protoplanetary disk too cold for the main gas constituent, H 2, to emit, alternative …