Higher plants and some algae convert the absorbed light into chemical energy through one
of the most important organelles, chloroplast, for photosynthesis and store it in the form of …

Ralstonia solanacearum, the causal agent of bacterial wilt, is a soil bacterium which can
naturally infect a wide range of host plants through the root system. Pathogenicity relies on a …

Bacterial pathogens employ the type III secretion system to secrete and translocate effector
proteins into their hosts. The primary function of these effector proteins is believed to be the …

In Pseudomonas syringae, the type III secretion system (T3SS) is essential for disease in
compatible hosts and for eliciting the hypersensitive response in incompatible hosts. P …

Acidovorax citrulli (Ac) is the causal agent of bacterial fruit blotch (BFB), and BFB poses a
threat to global watermelon production. Despite its economic importance, the molecular …

An increasing body of evidence points at a role of the plant hormones jasmonates (JAs) in
determining the outcome of plant-virus interactions. Geminiviruses, small DNA viruses …

Many plant-pathogenic bacteria require type III secretion systems (T3SS) to cause disease
in compatible hosts and to induce the hypersensitive response in resistant plants. T3SS …

Phytopathogens are a threat for global food production and security. Emergence or re‐
emergence of plant pathogens is highly dependent on the environmental conditions …

The Pseudomonas syringae pv syringae type III effector HopZ1a is a member of the HopZ
effector family of cysteine‐proteases that triggers immunity in Arabidopsis. This immunity is …

The Pseudomonas syringae type III secretion system translocates effector proteins into the
host cell cytosol to suppress plant basal immunity. Effector HopZ1a suppresses local and …