Voltage-gated calcium channels are required for many key functions in the body. In this
review, the different subtypes of voltage-gated calcium channels are described and their …

Voltage-gated calcium channels are important regulators of brain, heart and muscle
functions, and their dysfunction can give rise to pathophysiological conditions ranging from …

Across all kingdoms in the tree of life, calcium (Ca2+) is an essential element used by cells
to respond and adapt to constantly changing environments. In multicellular organisms, it …

Dopamine‐releasing neurons within the Substantia nigra (SN DA) are particularly
vulnerable to degeneration compared to other dopaminergic neurons. The age‐dependent …

The ability of the Cav1 channel inhibitor isradipine to slow the loss of substantia nigra pars
compacta (SNc) dopaminergic (DA) neurons and the progression of Parkinson's disease …

Dopaminergic neurons modulate neural circuits and behaviors via dopamine (DA) release
from expansive, long range axonal projections. The elaborate cytoarchitecture of these …

Degeneration of substantia nigra (SN) dopaminergic (DAergic) neurons is responsible for
the core motor deficits of Parkinson's disease (PD). These neurons are autonomous …

The motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) mainly arise from degeneration of
dopamine neurons within the substantia nigra. As no disease-modifying PD therapies are …

Dopamine (DA) releasing midbrain neurons are essential for multiple brain functions, such
as voluntary movement, working memory, emotion and cognition. DA midbrain neurons …

In recent years, the population of neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and substantia
nigra (SN) has been examined at multiple levels. The results indicate that the projections …