Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is an aggressive human cancer with increasing incidence
worldwide. Multiple efforts have been made to explore pharmaceutical therapies to treat …

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), one of the most common metabolic disorders, is caused
by a combination of two primary factors: defective insulin secretion by pancreatic β-cells and …

Cancer cells alter metabolic processes to sustain their characteristic uncontrolled growth
and proliferation. These metabolic alterations include (1) a shift from oxidative …

Background Acquired resistance of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) remains a clinical challenge in
colorectal cancer (CRC), and efforts to develop targeted agents to reduce resistance have …

In recent years there has been a growing interest among cancer biologists in cancer
metabolism. This Review summarizes past and recent advances in our understanding of the …

Cancer cells are frequently confronted with metabolic stress in tumor microenvironments
due to their rapid growth and limited nutrient supply. Metabolic stress induces cell death …

Forkhead box O (FOXO) transcription factors regulate diverse biological processes, affecting
development, metabolism, stem cell maintenance and longevity. They have also been …

The reactions of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle allow the controlled combustion of fat and
carbohydrate. In principle, TCA cycle intermediates are regenerated on every turn and can …

Cancer cells display a high rate of glycolysis in the presence of oxygen to promote
proliferation. Gluconeogenesis, the reverse pathway of glycolysis, can antagonize aerobic …

Abstract Background Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase (PCK) has been almost
exclusively recognized as a critical enzyme in gluconeogenesis, especially in liver and …