Inappropriate usage of reclaimed wastewater has caused outbreaks of viral infectious
diseases worldwide. International and domestic guidelines for wastewater reuse stipulate …

Dengue is a rapidly expanding global health problem. Development of a safe and
efficacious tetravalent vaccine along with strategic application of vector control activities …

Background Noroviruses are the major cause of viral gastroenteritis. Disease transmission is
difficult to prevent and outbreaks in health-care facilities commonly occur. Contact with …

Background During a period of rapid growth in our understanding of the microbiology of the
built environment in recent years, the majority of research has focused on bacteria and fungi …

In the latest One Health ECDC EFSA technical report, Norovirus in fish and fishery products
have been listed as the agent/food pair causing the highest number of strong-evidence …

Ionizing radiation, whether by electron beams or gamma rays, is a non-thermal processing
technique used to improve the microbial safety and shelf-life of many different food products …

Microfiltration (MF) has been widely adopted as an advanced treatment process to reduce
suspended solids and turbidity in treated wastewater effluents designated for potable reuse …

Climate change is expected to influence infection risks while bathing downstream of sewage
emissions from combined sewage overflows (CSOs) or waste water treatment plants …

Changes in the occurrence, distribution, and seasonal variation of waterborne pathogens
due to global climate change may increase the risk of human exposure to these …

This chapter presents the historical aspects regarding swimming in rivers in the Paris region
since the seventeenth century, including the concept of fecal contamination indicator …