Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central
nervous system (CNS), which gives rise to focal lesions in the gray and white matter and to …

Historically, multiple sclerosis (MS) has been viewed as being primarily driven by T cells.
However, the effective use of anti-CD20 treatment now also reveals an important role for B …

Multiple sclerosis (MS) has long been considered a CD4 T-cell disease, primarily because
of the findings that the strongest genetic risk for MS is the major histocompatibility complex …

A critical role for IL-17, a cytokine produced by T helper 17 (Th17) cells, has been indicated
in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. A positive effect of …

Interleukin-21 is a cytokine with broad pleiotropic actions that affect the differentiation and
function of lymphoid and myeloid cells. Since its discovery in 2000, a tremendous amount …

The presence of the blood–brain barrier (BBB) restricts the movement of soluble mediators
and leukocytes from the periphery to the central nervous system (CNS). Leukocyte entry into …

This article provides a comprehensive overview of the pathology of multiple sclerosis (MS),
including recent insights into its molecular neuropathology and immunology. It shows that all …

Chronically inflamed tissues commonly accrue lymphocyte aggregates that facilitate local T
cell-B cell interactions. These aggregates can range from small, loosely arranged …

Neuroinflammation, especially innate immunocyte-mediated neuroinflammation, has been
reported to participate in pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the …

Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is an autoimmune liver disease with a strong hereditary
component. Here, we report a genome-wide association study that included 1,122 PBC …