Major life stressors, especially those involving interpersonal stress and social rejection, are
among the strongest proximal risk factors for depression. In this review, we propose a …

Among people exposed to major psychological stressors in early life, there are elevated
rates of morbidity and mortality from chronic diseases of aging. The most compelling data …

During the latter half of the twentieth century, an explosion of research elucidated a growing
number of causes of disease and contributors to health. Biopsychosocial models that …

Variations in phenotype reflect the influence of environmental conditions during
development on cellular functions, including that of the genome. The recent integration of …

Individual variation in behavior and physiology is a widespread and ecologically functional
phenomenon in nature in virtually all vertebrate species. Due to domestication of laboratory …

Individual differences in impulsivity underlie a good deal of the risk taking that is observed
during adolescence, and some of the most hazardous forms of this behavior are linked to …

Children reared in unfavorable socioeconomic circumstances show increased susceptibility
to the chronic diseases of aging when they reach the fifth and sixth decades of life. One …

Classic theories of stress and health are largely based on assumptions regarding how
different psychosocial stressors influence biological processes that, in turn, affect human …

Children learn moral values and social conventions through a process of socialization, much
of which involves parenting. The process is bidirectional and involves a complex interplay …

Louann Brizendine, MD, is a neuropsychiatrist whose professional career has been devoted
to studying the female brain and writing and lecturing to both the public and professionals …