This review takes an inclusive approach to microvascular dysfunction in diabetes mellitus
and cardiometabolic disease. In virtually every organ, dynamic interactions between the …

Myocardial interstitial fibrosis contributes to left ventricular dysfunction leading to the
development of heart failure. Basic research has provided abundant evidence for the …

Accumulating knowledge on the biology and function of the adipose tissue has led to a
major shift in our understanding of its role in health and disease. The adipose tissue is now …

In 2008, the Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of patients with vasospastic angina
(coronary spastic angina) 1 were developed by the Japanese Circulation Society, and the …

Although myocardial ischaemia usually manifests as a consequence of atherosclerosis-
dependent obstructive epicardial coronary artery disease, a significant percentage of …

Contemporary data indicate that patients with signs and symptoms of ischaemia and non-
obstructive coronary artery disease (INOCA) often have coronary microvascular dysfunction …

Ischemic heart disease secondary to coronary vascular dysfunction causes angina and
impairs quality of life and prognosis. About one-half of patients with symptoms and signs of …

One of the novel interesting topics in the study of cardiovascular disease is the role of the
oxidation system, since inflammation and oxidative stress are known to lead to …

Vasospastic angina (VSA) is a variant form of angina pectoris, in which angina occurs at
rest, with transient electrocardiogram modifications and preserved exercise capacity. VSA …

Atherosclerosis is orchestrated by complex interactions between vascular and inflammatory
cells. Traditionally, it has been considered to be an intimal inflammatory disease …