Melatonin is a ubiquitous molecule present in almost every live being from bacteria to
humans. In vertebrates, besides being produced in peripheral tissues and acting as an …

The iodothyronine deiodinases initiate or terminate thyroid hormone action and therefore
are critical for the biological effects mediated by thyroid hormone. Over the years, research …

In mammals, day-length-sensitive (photoperiodic) seasonal breeding cycles depend on the
pineal hormone melatonin, which modulates secretion of reproductive hormones by the …

Adaptation to the environment is essential for survival, in all wild animal species seasonal
variation in temperature and food availability needs to be anticipated. This has led to the …

Living organisms show seasonality in a wide array of functions such as reproduction,
fattening, hibernation, and migration. At temperate latitudes, changes in photoperiod …

Photoperiodism is the ability of plants and animals to measure environmental day length to
ascertain time of year. Central to the evolution of photoperiodism in animals is the adaptive …

Local thyroid hormone catabolism within the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) by thyroid
hormone-activating (DIO2) and-inactivating (DIO3) enzymes regulates seasonal …

Seasonal adaptations in physiology exhibited by many animals involve an interface
between biological timing and specific neuroendocrine systems, but the molecular basis of …

Seasonal neuroendocrine cycles that govern annual changes in reproductive activity,
energy metabolism and hair growth are almost ubiquitous in mammals that have evolved at …

Organisms use changes in photoperiod for seasonal reproduction to maximize the survival
of their offspring. Birds have sophisticated seasonal mechanisms and are therefore excellent …