Research on the genetic mechanisms underlying human skeletal development and disease
have largely relied on studies in mice. However, recently the zebrafish has emerged as a …

The head represents the most complex part of the body and a distinctive feature of the
vertebrate body plan. This intricate structure is assembled during embryonic development in …

Background Given the need for descriptive and increasingly mechanistic morphological
analyses, contrast‐enhanced microcomputed tomography (microCT) represents perhaps the …

Pediatric care providers, pediatricians, pediatric subspecialty physicians, and other health
care providers should be able to recognize children with abnormal head shapes that occur …

The mammalian skull is composed of the calvarial bones and cartilages. Malformation of
craniofacial cartilage has been identified in multiple human syndromes. However, the …

Dramatic changes in cranial capacity have characterized human evolution. Important
evolutionary hypotheses, such as the spatial packing hypothesis, assert that increases in …

Mammals possess impressive craniofacial variation that mirrors their adaptation to diverse
ecological niches, feeding behaviour, physiology and overall lifestyle. The spectrum of …

In most modern bony vertebrates, a considerable portion of the chondrocranium remains
cartilaginous only during a relatively small window of embryonic development, making it …

The sphenoid has a complicated shape, and its morphogenesis during early development
remains unknown. We aimed to elucidate the detailed morphogenesis of the sphenoid and …

The brain and skull represent a complex arrangement of integrated anatomical structures
composed of various cell and tissue types that maintain structural and functional association …