Two general strategies exist for the growth and survival of prokaryotes in environments of
elevated osmolarity. The 'salt in cytoplasm'approach, which requires extensive structural …

Two-component signal-transducing systems are ubiquitously distributed communication
interfaces in bacteria. They consist of a histidine kinase that senses a specific environmental …

Bacteria can survive dramatic osmotic shifts. Osmoregulatory responses mitigate the passive
adjustments in cell structure and the growth inhibition that may ensue. The levels of certain …

In combination with other strategies, hyperosmolarity and desiccation are frequently used by
the food processing industry as a means to prevent bacterial proliferation, and particularly …

Bacteria inhabit natural and artificial environments with diverse and fluctuating osmolalities,
salinities and temperatures. Many maintain cytoplasmic hydration, growth and survival most …

To thrive, cells must control their own physical and chemical properties. This process is
known as cellular homeostasis. The dilute solutions traditionally favored by experimenters …

The halophilic γ‐proteobacterium Halomonas elongata DSM 2581T thrives at high salinity
by synthesizing and accumulating the compatible solute ectoine. Ectoine levels are highly …

Despite the intensive management practices available to modern agriculture, drought and
salinity are still major constraints on crop production and food security. Yield losses to …

The availability of water is the most important prerequisite for life of any living cell, and
exposure of cells to hypersaline conditions always threatens the cells with a drastic loss of …

Significance: Proline metabolism has complex roles in a variety of biological processes,
including cell signaling, stress protection, and energy production. Proline also contributes to …