Understanding the vulnerability of marine calcifiers to ocean acidification is a critical issue,
especially in the Southern Ocean (SO), which is likely to be the one of the first, and most …

Animals living in the Southern Ocean have evolved in a singular environment. It shares
many of its attributes with the high Arctic, namely low, stable temperatures, the pervading …

The isolation of the Southern Ocean after the opening of Drake Passage some 23–25 million
years ago, the formation of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, the subsequent cooling of the …

Southern Ocean biodiversity reflects past climate, oceanographic, and tectonic changes.
Molecular data from contemporary populations carry signatures of these processes. Here …

The Southern Ocean is showing one of the most rapid responses to human‐induced global
change, thus acting as a sentinel of the effects on marine species and ecosystems. Ocean …

Habitat‐forming bryozoans are here defined as extant, heavily‐calcified species which
regularly attain sizes over 50 mm in three‐dimensions and which contribute significantly to …

An international effort is underway to establish a representative system of marine protected
areas (MPAs) in the Southern Ocean to help provide for the long-term conservation of …

The timing of the first appearance of animals is of crucial importance for understanding the
evolution of life on Earth. Although the fossil record places the earliest metazoans at 572 …

Understanding the mechanisms which determine the capacity of any species to adapt to
changing environmental conditions is one of the foremost requirements in accurately …

Systematic long-term studies on ecosystem dynamics are largely lacking from the East
Antarctic Southern Ocean, although it is well recognized that they are indispensable to …