Unpredicted human safety events in clinical trials for new drugs are costly in terms of human
health and money. The drug discovery industry attempts to minimize those events with …

Adrenal insufficiency (AI) is a condition characterized by an absolute or relative deficiency of
adrenal cortisol production. Primary AI (PAI) is rare and is caused by direct adrenal failure …

1. Introduction 1.1. The Fish Forebrain 1.2. Stress 2. Stress and the Brain: The (Neuro-)
Endocrine Hypothalamus 2.1. Fundamental Axes Interact 2.2. The CRF System 2.3 …

The melanocortin system is a complex neuroendocrine signaling mechanism involved in
numerous physiological processes in vertebrates, including pigmentation, steroidogenesis …

The consumption of probiotics has become increasingly popular as a means to try to
improve health and well-being. Not only are probiotics considered beneficial to digestive …

The physiological responses to stressors, including hormonal profiles and associated tissue
responsiveness have been extensively studied in teleosts, but the molecular mechanisms …

The influence of the microbiota on behavior and stress responses is poorly understood.
Zebrafish larvae have unique characteristics that are advantageous for neuroimmune …

Since its introduction as a genetic vertebrate model system approximately 30 years ago, the
focus of zebrafish research has increasingly shifted to questions that are also relevant for …

Teleost fish are more diverse than any other vertebrate group, and yet only a limited number
of species are fished and farmed globally. Efforts to expand the quantity and diversity of fish …

The corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) system in fish functions to maintain homeostasis
during stress in part by regulating cortisol production via the hypothalamus–pituitary …