Apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide-like (APOBEC) proteins are a
diverse and evolutionarily conserved family of cytidine deaminases that provide a variety of …

APOBEC3G (A3G) is a member of the cellular polynucleotide cytidine deaminases, which
catalyze the deamination of cytosine (dC) to uracil (dU) in single-stranded DNA. These …

Cytosine base editors (CBEs) enable efficient cytidine-to-thymidine (C-to-T) substitutions at
targeted loci without double-stranded breaks. However, current CBEs edit all Cs within their …

Efficient and precise base editors (BEs) for C-to-G transversion are highly desirable.
However, the sequence context affecting editing outcome largely remains unclear. Here we …

Restriction factors are antiviral components of intrinsic immunity which constitute a first line
of defense by blocking different steps of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication …

HIV-1 is the single most important sexually transmitted disease in humans from a global
health perspective. Among human lentiviruses, HIV-1 M group has uniquely achieved …

APOBEC3G is a member of the human cytidine deaminase family that restricts Vif-deficient
viruses by being packaged with progeny virions and inducing the G to A mutation during the …

Mammalian cells have evolved several mechanisms to prevent or block lentiviral infection
and spread. Among the innate immune mechanisms, the signaling cascade triggered by …

The multifunctional HIV-1 accessory protein Vif counters the antiviral activities of
APOBEC3G (A3G) and APOBEC3F (A3F), and some Vifs counter stable alleles of …

Retroviruses are pathogens with rapid infection cycles that can be a source of disease,
genome instability, and tumor development in their hosts. Host intrinsic restriction factors …