This review aims to synthesise a large pre-clinical and clinical literature related to a
hypothesised role of the locus coeruleus norepinephrine system in responses to acute and …

Clinical and preclinical evidence implicates hyperexcitability of the lateral habenula (LHb) in
the development of psychiatric disorders including major depressive disorder (MDD). This …

Neurological disorders are increasing at a faster pace due to oxidative stress, protein
aggregation, excitotoxicity, and neuroinflammation. It is reported that the Mediterranean diet …

The habenula is a small bilateral epithalamic structure that plays a key role in the regulation
of the main monoaminergic systems. It is implicated in many aspects of behavior such as …

The lateral habenula (LHb) is a tiny structure that acts as a hub, relaying signals from the
limbic forebrain structures and basal ganglia to the brainstem modulatory area. Facilitated …

Anxiety disorders often co-occur with alcohol use disorders, but the mechanisms underlying
this comorbidity remain elusive. Previously, we reported that rats withdrawn from chronic …

Carbofuran, a carbamate pesticide, is widely used in developing countries to manage insect
pests. Studies have found that carbofuran posed potential risks for the neurotransmitter …

Social discrimination in rats requires activation of the intrinsic bulbar vasopressin system,
but it is unclear how this system comes into operation, as olfactory nerve stimulation …

Anxiety disorders in dogs are ever‐growing and represent an important concern in the
veterinary behavior field. These disorders are often disregarded in veterinary clinical …

Behavioral neuroscience tests such as the Light/Dark Test, the Open Field Test, the Elevated
Plus Maze Test, and the Three Chamber Social Interaction Test have become both essential …