A holistic review is given of the Southern Ocean dynamic system, in the context of the crucial
role it plays in the global climate and the profound changes it is experiencing. The review …

Current submesoscale restratification parameterizations, which help set mixed layer depth in
global climate models, depend on a simplistic scaling of frontal width shown to be unreliable …

Submesoscale currents and internal gravity waves achieve an intense turbulent cascade
near the ocean surface [depth of 0–O (100) m], which is thought to give rise to significant …

Abstract The Luzon Undercurrent (LUC) is one of the most significant western boundary
undercurrents in the northern western Pacific Ocean (WPO), essential for subsurface water …

Swell waves, characterized by the long wavelength components generated by distant
weather systems or storms, exert a significant influence on various air-sea interaction …

The turbulent ocean surface boundary layer is a key part of the climate system affecting both
the energy and carbon cycles. Accurately simulating the boundary layer is critical in …

The parameterizations of submesoscale ($< 10$ km) ocean surface flows are critical in
capturing the subgrid effects of vertical fluxes in the ocean mixed layer, yet they struggle to …

Deficiencies in upper ocean vertical mixing parameterizations contribute to tropical upper
ocean biases in global coupled general circulation models, affecting their simulated ocean …

The ocean surface boundary layer is a gateway of energy transfer into the ocean. Wind-
driven shear and meteorologically forced convection inject turbulent kinetic energy into the …

The stirring and mixing of heat and momentum in the ocean surface boundary layer (OSBL)
are dominated by 1 to 10 km fluid flows–too small to be resolved in global and regional …