Iodine deficiency has multiple adverse effects in humans, termed iodine deficiency
disorders, due to inadequate thyroid hormone production. Globally, it is estimated that 2 …

Thyroid cancer (TC) is the most common endocrine malignancy and in most countries,
incidence rates are increasing. Although differences in population iodine intake are a …

Salt iodization has been introduced in many countries to control iodine deficiency. Our aim
was to assess global and regional iodine status as of 2011 and compare it to previous WHO …

Summary 2 billion individuals worldwide have insufficient iodine intake, with those in south
Asia and sub-Saharan Africa particularly affected. Iodine deficiency has many adverse …

Context: In cross-sectional studies, serum TSH concentrations increase with age. This has
not been examined longitudinally, and it is uncertain whether the TSH increase reflects …

Background Iodine deficiency is the most common cause of preventable mental impairment
worldwide. It is defined by WHO as mild if the population median urinary iodine excretion is …

The iodine intake level in a population is determined in cross-sectional studies. Urinary
iodine varies considerably and the reliability of studies of iodine nutrition and the number of …

Context: Longitudinal studies of risk factors for hypothyroidism are required to inform debate
regarding the TSH reference range. There are limited longitudinal data on the predictive …

Universal salt iodisation (USI) and iodine supplementation are highly effective strategies for
preventing and controlling iodine deficiency. USI is now implemented in nearly all countries …

Background The effects of severe iodine deficiency during critical periods of brain
development are well documented. There is little known about the consequences of milder …