BACKGROUND Colloids consist of solid or liquid particles, each about a few hundred
nanometers in size, dispersed in a fluid and kept suspended by thermal fluctuations …

Structural colors widespread in nature have been theoretically in‐depth studied and
manufactured through the artificial approaches such as self‐assembly and nanolithography …

The natural world is a colorful environment. Stunning displays of coloration have evolved
throughout nature to optimize camouflage, warning, and communication. The resulting …

Nature's color has three main sources: pigments, structural colors and bioluminescence.
Structural color is a special one, which is the color produced by micro-or nano-structures …

The optics of correlated disordered media is a conceptually rich research topic emerging at
the interface between the physics of waves in complex media and nanophotonics. Inspired …

Nature evolved a variety of hierarchical structures that produce sophisticated functions.
Inspired by these natural materials, colloidal self-assembly provides a convenient way to …

As a nanoscale renewable resource derived from lignocellulosic materials, cellulose
nanocrystals (CNCs) have the features of high purity, high crystallinity, high aspect ratio …

Structural colors enable the creation of a spectrum of nonfading colors without pigments,
potentially replacing toxic metal oxides and conjugated organic pigments. However …

The extraordinary properties of biological materials often result from their sophisticated
hierarchical structures. Through multilevel and cross-scale structural designs, biological …

Structural colors arising from interactions of light with submicron scale periodic structures
have been found in many species across all taxa, serving multiple biological functions …