Parkinson disease (PD) is a chronic and progressive movement disorder classically
characterized by slowed voluntary movements, resting tremor, muscle rigidity, and impaired …

Surgical treatments have transformed the management of Parkinson's disease (PD).
Therapeutic options available for the management of PD motor complications include deep …

Deep brain stimulation is typically performed with intraoperative microelectrode recording
and test stimulation for target confirmation. Recent studies have shown accurate, clinically …

Background: Accurate implantation of a depth electrode into the brain is of the greatest
importance in deep brain stimulation (DBS), and various stereotactic systems have been …

BACKGROUND Frameless robotic-assisted surgery is an innovative technique for deep
brain stimulation (DBS) that has not been assessed in a large cohort of patients. OBJECTIVE …

BACKGROUND The pursuit of improved accuracy for localization and electrode implantation
in deep brain stimulation (DBS) and stereoelectroencephalography (sEEG) has fostered an …

Advancements in neuroimaging have led to a trend toward direct, image-based targeting
under general anesthesia without the use of microelectrode recording (MER) or …

Objective Cerebrovascular imaging is critical for safe and accurate planning of Stereo-
ElectroEncephaloGraphy (SEEG) electrode trajectory. We developed a new technique for …

Background Registration accuracy is a main factor influencing overall navigation accuracy.
Standard fiducial-or landmark-based patient registration is user dependent and error-prone …

Introduction: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) surgery is an established treatment for movement
disorders. Advances in neuroimaging techniques have resulted in improved targeting …