Mitochondria are ubiquitous intracellular organelles found in almost all eukaryotes and
involved in various aspects of cellular life, with a primary role in energy production. The …

Nitrogen is present in the environment in a number of oxidation states (Fig. 1).
Interconversion between these oxidation states is predominantly biological (Fig. 1). In this …

It has been estimated that about 90% of the reduction of molecular oxygen in the biosphere
is catalyzed by respiratory oxidases (95). Much of this is accomplished by a wide variety of …

Cytochrome cbb3 oxidases are found almost exclusively in Proteobacteria, and represent a
distinctive class of proton-pumping respiratory heme-copper oxidases (HCO) that lack many …

Paracoccus denitrificans and its near relative Paracoccus versutus (formerly known as
Thiobacilllus versutus) have been attracting increasing attention because the aerobic …

The cytochrome bc complex which is encoded by the fixNOPQ operon in
Bradyrhizobiumjaponicum, is the most distant member of the haem-copper cytochrome …

Among aerobic prokaryotes, many different terminal oxidase complexes have been
described. Sequence comparison has revealed that the aa 3-type cytochrome c oxidase and …

During the last few years our knowledge of the structure and function of heme copper
oxidases has greatly profited from the use of site-directed mutagenesis in combination with …

Rhizobia fix nitrogen in a symbiotic association with leguminous plants and this occurs in
nodules. A low-oxygen environment is needed for nitrogen fixation, which paradoxically has …

The iron/copper heterodinuclear center in cytochrome c oxidases has attracted the interest
of inorganic chemists since this is the site of dioxygen (O2) four-electron four-proton …