In high-, middle-and low-income countries, the rising prevalence of obesity is the underlying
cause of numerous health complications and increased mortality. Being a complex and …

The global rise in the prevalence of obesity and associated co-morbidities such as type 2
diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer represents a major public health concern. The …

Background The melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R), a component of the leptin–melanocortin
pathway, plays a part in bodyweight regulation. Severe early-onset obesity can be caused …

Obesity is an emerging condition, with a prevalence of~ 20%. Although the simple
measurement of BMI is likely a simplistic approach to obesity, BMI is easily calculated, and …

Obesity results from a synergistic relationship between genes and the environment. The
phenotypic expression of genetic factors involved in obesity is variable, allowing to …

Growth hormone (GH) deficiency (GHD) in children is defined as impaired production of GH
by the pituitary gland that results in growth failure. This disease might be congenital or …

Pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) is the archetypal polypeptide precursor of hormones and
neuropeptides. In this review, we examine the variability in the individual peptides produced …

Diarrhea is common in infants (children less than 2 years of age), usually acute, and, if
chronic, commonly caused by allergies and occasionally by infectious agents. Congenital …

Obesity is a major public health concern. This condition results from a constant and complex
interplay between predisposing genes and environmental stimuli. Current attempts to …

Background & aims Monogenic forms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) illustrate the
essential roles of individual genes in pathways and networks safeguarding immune …