Clear evidence indicates that cytokines, for instance, adipokines, hepatokines, inflammatory
cytokines, myokines, and osteokines, contribute substantially to the development of …

The breakthrough discoveries of leptin and adiponectin more than two decades ago led to a
widespread recognition of adipose tissue as an endocrine organ. Many more adipose tissue …

Free radicals act as secondary messengers, modulating a number of important biological
processes, including gene expression, ion mobilization in transport systems, protein …

Coronary microvascular disease (CMD), which affects the arterioles and capillary
endothelium that regulate myocardial perfusion, is an increasingly recognized source of …

Chemerin and its receptor CMKLR1 (a G-protein-coupled receptor) are inducers of
inflammation, and play an important role in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). In this study, we …

Chemerin is a novel adipokine that plays a major role in adipogenesis and lipid metabolism.
It also induces inflammation and affects insulin signaling, steroidogenesis and …

Chemerin is a small chemotactic protein and a key player in initiating the early immune
response. As an adipokine, chemerin is also involved in energy homeostasis and the …

(1) Background: Obesity is closely connected to the pathophysiology of cardiovascular
diseases (CVDs). Excess fat accumulation is associated with metabolic malfunctions that …

Sufficient epidemiological investigations demonstrate that there is a close correlation
between obesity and vascular dysfunction. Nevertheless, specific mechanisms underlying …

Obesity and hypertension are intimately linked due to the various ways that the important
cell types such as vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), endothelial cells (EC), immune …