In response to a warming planet with earlier springs, migratory animals are adjusting the
timing of essential life stages. Although these adjustments may be essential for keeping …

Body-size reductions are a pervasive response to climate change, and body size is a central
trait linking together multiple axes of ecology, physiology and life history. Using a …

The decision of when to breed is an important determinant of individual fitness. However,
despite a multitude of studies investigating the intraspecific relationship between timing of …

Population-level shifts in reproductive phenology in response to environmental change are
common, but whether individual-level responses are modified by demographic and genetic …

Artificial light at night (hereafter “ALAN”) affects 88% of the land area in Europe and almost
half of the land area in the USA, with even rural areas exposed to lights from agricultural and …

Animals respond to sudden challenges with a coordinated set of physiological and
behavioral responses that enhance the ability to cope with stressors. While general …

Telomeres are emerging as correlates of fitness‐related traits and may be important
mediators of ecologically relevant variation in life history strategies. Growing evidence …

Behavioral traits are often the first response to changing environmental conditions, including
human induced rapid environmental change. For example, animals living in urban areas are …

The allocation of limited resources among life history traits creates trade-offs that constrain
the range of possible phenotypes of organisms. In animals, the cost of maintaining an …

Climate change is altering the timing of seasonal events for many taxa. There is limited
understanding of how northward/southward songbird migration follows or is limited by the …