Antibodies are essential components of an adaptive immune response. Immunoglobulin G
(IgG) is the most common type of antibody found in circulation and extracellular fluids …

Epidemiological evidence links an individual's susceptibility to chronic disease in adult life to
events during their intrauterine phase of development. Biologically this should not be …

Chlorinated polyfluoroalkyl ether sulfonic acid (Cl-PFESAs, trade name F-53B), an
alternative to perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), has been widely used as a mist …

The neonatal Fc receptor (FcRn) was first found to be responsible for transporting antibodies
of the immunoglobulin G (IgG) class from the mother to the fetus or neonate as well as for …

Information on placental transfer and adverse outcomes of short-chain per-and
polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFASs) is limited, and factors responsible for PFAS placental …

Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) may cross the placental barrier and lead to fetal
exposure. However, little is known about the factors that influence maternal-fetal transfer of …

Vitamin D is a pleiotropic secosteroid hormone important for health and disease prevention.
The actions of vitamin D are mediated by the vitamin D receptor that binds the active form of …

Impaired vitamin D status is common to many populations around the world. However, data
suggest that this is a particular problem for specific groups such as pregnant women. This …

Background Recent studies suggest that perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and PFAS
alternatives can cross the placental barrier. However, little is known on the differential …

BACKGROUND Implantation and early embryo development are finely regulated processes
in which several molecules are involved. Evidence that thyroid hormones (TH: T4 and T3) …