A new scientific frontier opened in 2009 with the start of operations of the world's first x-ray
free-electron laser (FEL), the Linac Coherent Light Source (LCLS), at SLAC National …

This review is focused on free-electron lasers (FELs) in the hard to soft x-ray regime. The
aim is to provide newcomers to the area with insights into: the basic physics of FELs, the …

Many photoinduced processes including photosynthesis and human vision happen in
organic molecules and involve coupled femtosecond dynamics of nuclei and electrons …

The ultrafast structural dynamics of water following inner-shell ionization is a crucial issue in
high-energy radiation chemistry. We have exposed isolated water molecules to a short x-ray …

Molecules can efficiently and selectively convert light energy into other degrees of freedom.
Disentangling the underlying ultrafast motion of electrons and nuclei of the photoexcited …

In recent years synchrotron x-ray microprobes and nanoprobes have emerged as key
characterization tools with a remarkable impact for different scientific fields including solid …

Understanding molecular femtosecond dynamics under intense X-ray exposure is critical to
progress in biomolecular imaging and matter under extreme conditions. Imaging viruses and …

The pulse duration, and, more generally, the temporal intensity profile of free-electron laser
(FEL) pulses, is of utmost importance for exploring the new perspectives offered by FELs; it …

We extend covariance velocity map ion imaging to four particles, establishing cumulant
mapping and allowing for measurements that provide insights usually associated with …

Recent technological advances in the generation of intense femtosecond pulses have made
covariance mapping an attractive analytical technique. The laser pulses available are so …