The pandemic due to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)
has emerged as a serious global public health issue. Besides the high transmission rate …

The global use of alcohol-based hand sanitizers (ABHS) as an important means of
controlling the transmission of infectious disease has increased significantly as governments …

Background New and emerging infectious diseases continue to represent a public health
threat. Emerging infectious disease threats include pathogens increasing in range (eg …

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the relevance of proper disinfection procedures
and renewed interest in developing novel disinfectant materials as a preventive strategy to …

Background Hand hygiene (HH) is a cost-effective measure to reduce health care-
associated infections. The overall characteristics and changes of hand hygiene compliance …

Hand hygiene is a crucial measure in the prevention and control of infections, and there is a
growing awareness among individuals who are making a conscious effort to maintain hand …

Surfaces contaminated with pathogens raise concerns about the increased risk of disease
transmission and infection. To clean biocontaminated surfaces, alcohol-based disinfectants …

Ultra-violet (UV) C (200–280 wavelength) light has long been known for its antimicrobial and
disinfecting efficacy. It damages DNA by causing the dimerization of pyrimidines. A newly …

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative organism
that is highly contagious and has been responsible for more than 240 million cases and 5 …

Abstract The Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) outbreak is an unprecedented global
pandemic, sparking grave public health emergencies. One of the measures to reduce …