Obesity surgery remains the most effective treatment for obesity and its complications.
Weight loss was initially attributed to decreased energy absorption from the gut but has …

Although promising therapeutics are in the pipeline, bariatric surgery (also known as
metabolic surgery) remains our most effective strategy for the treatment of obesity and type 2 …

The melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R)–embedded in the leptin–melanocortin pathway–is
activated by proopiomelanocortin (POMC)-derived neuropeptides such as α-and β …

Recent insights into the neural circuits controlling energy balance and glucose homeostasis
have rekindled the hope for development of novel treatments for obesity and diabetes …

Abstract Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion is greatly enhanced after Roux-en-Y
gastric bypass (RYGB). While intact GLP-1exerts its metabolic effects via the classical GLP-1 …

Background Bariatric or weight loss surgery is currently the most effective treatment for
obesity and metabolic disease. Unlike dieting and pharmacology, its beneficial effects are …

Bariatric surgery continues to be remarkably efficient in treating obesity and type 2 diabetes
mellitus and a debate has started whether it should remain the last resort only or also be …

Whether melanocortin 4 receptors (MC4Rs) in extra-hypothalamic neurons, including
cholinergic autonomic pre-ganglionic neurons, are required to control energy and glucose …

Following the cloning of the melanocortin receptor and agouti protein genes, a model was
developed for the central melanocortin system with respect to the regulation of energy and …

Despite advances in understanding the roles of adiposity, food intake, GI and adipocyte-
related hormones, inflammatory mediators, the gut–brain axis and the hypothalamic nervous …