Melatonin receptors are seven transmembrane‐spanning proteins belonging to the GPCR
superfamily. In mammals, two melatonin receptor subtypes exist‐MT1 and MT2‐encoded by …

Melatonin modulates a wide range of physiological functions with pleiotropic effects on the
immune system. Despite the large number of reports implicating melatonin as an …

Melatonin is the major secretory product synthesized and secreted by the pineal gland and
shows both a wide distribution within phylogenetically distant organisms from bacteria to …

Melatonin is well known for its circadian production by the pineal gland, and there is a
growing body of data showing that it is also produced by many other cells and organs …

We demonstrate that during inflammatory responses the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)
induces the synthesis of melatonin by macrophages and that macrophage-synthesized …

Pineal gland melatonin is the darkness hormone, while extra-pineal melatonin produced by
the gonads, gut, retina, and immune competent cells acts as a paracrine or autocrine …

Melatonin is synthesized by several tissues besides the pineal gland, and beyond its
regulatory effects in light‐dark cycle, melatonin is a hormone with neuroprotective, anti …

Immune‐pineal axis activation is part of the assembly of immune responses.
Proinflammatory cytokines inhibit the pineal synthesis of melatonin while inducing it in …

COVID-19 is a complex disease with short-and long-term respiratory, inflammatory and
neurological symptoms that are triggered by the infection with SARS-CoV-2. Invasion of the …

The pineal gland, a circumventricular organ, plays an integrative role in defense responses.
The injury-induced suppression of the pineal gland hormone, melatonin, which is triggered …