A great deal is known about the structure, function and metabolic effects of enzymatic
bacterial toxins such as the diphtheria, pertussis and cholera toxins. By comparison, our …

Mannheimia haemolytica is the principal bacterium isolated from respiratory disease in
feedlot cattle and is a significant component of enzootic pneumonia in all neonatal calves. A …

Recent research has provided an abundance of new information on membrane
biochemistry. Now more than ever, it is essential to update our current understanding of …

Mannheimia haemolytica serotype S1 is considered the predominant cause of bovine
pneumonic pasteurellosis, or shipping fever. Various virulence factors allow M haemolytica …

Mannheimia haemolytica induced pneumonias are only observed in goats, sheep and
cattle. The bacterium produces several virulence factors, whose principal ones are …

The RTX (repeats in toxin) cytolytic toxins r represent a family of important virulence factors
that have disseminated widely among Gram-negative bacteria. They are characterised by a …

Legionella pneumophila is the cause of Legionnaires' pneumonia. After internalization by
macrophages, it bypasses the normal endocytic pathway and occupies a replicative …

The severe fibrinonecrotic pneumonia associated with pneumonic pasteurellosis usually
results from colonization of the lower respiratory tract by Pasteurella haemolytica biotype A …

It has been reported that Pasteurella haemolytica leukotoxin (LKT) induces morphologic
changes in bovine leukocytes consistent with apoptosis in vitro, but DNA fragmentation was …

Mannheimia haemolytica is the major cause of severe pneumonia in bovine respiratory
disease (BRD). Early M. haemolytica bacterins were either ineffective or even enhanced …