Nitric oxide (NO) works as a retrograde neurotransmitter in synapses, allows the brain blood
flow and also has important roles in intracellular signaling in neurons from the regulation of …

Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) modulate protein function in most eukaryotes and
have a ubiquitous role in diverse range of cellular functions. Identification, characterization …

α-Synuclein misfolding and aggregation is a hallmark in Parkinson's disease and in several
other neurodegenerative diseases known as synucleinopathies. The toxic properties of α …

Protein folding is a biophysical process by which proteins reach a specific three-dimensional
structure. The amino acid sequence of a polypeptide chain contains all the information …

Either hypoxia in an acute ischemic stroke before thrombolysis or the oxygen-boost after
thrombolysis cause a high level of free radicals, resulting in successive injuries to …

Evidence indicates that nitrosative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction participate in the
pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Amyloid beta (Aβ) and peroxynitrite induce …

Triosephosphate isomerase (TIM) is a perfectly evolved enzyme which very fast
interconverts dihydroxyacetone phosphate and d-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate. Its catalytic …

Mitochondria play key roles in ATP supply, calcium homeostasis, redox balance control and
apoptosis, which in neurons are fundamental for neurotransmission and to allow synaptic …

Epidemiologic studies indicate that the risks for major age‐related debilities including
coronary heart disease, diabetes, and age‐related macular degeneration (AMD) are …

It has been extensively reported that diabetes mellitus (DM) patients have a higher risk of
developing Alzheimer's disease (AD), but a mechanistic connection between both …