The trillions of microorganisms in the human intestine are important regulators of health, and
disruptions in the gut microbial communities can cause disease. The gut, liver and immune …

The gut-liver axis refers to the bidirectional relationship between the gut and its microbiota,
and the liver, resulting from the integration of signals generated by dietary, genetic and …

Summary The EASL Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGs) on the management of hepatic
encephalopathy (HE) present evidence-based answers to a set of relevant questions (where …

Orally administered probiotics encounter various challenges on their journey through the
mouth, stomach, intestine and colon. The health benefits of probiotics are diminished mainly …

Cirrhosis–the common end-stage of chronic liver disease–is associated with a cascade of
events, of which intestinal bacterial overgrowth and dysbiosis are central. Bacterial toxins …

Bacterial infections are a major threat to human health, exacerbated by increasing antibiotic
resistance. These infections can result in tremendous morbidity and mortality, emphasizing …

Although faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) has a well-established role in the treatment
of recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI), its widespread dissemination is limited by …

The human gut is home to a large and diverse microbial community, comprising about 1,000
bacterial species. The gut microbiota exists in a symbiotic relationship with its host, playing a …

Antibiotics are lifesaving therapeutic drugs that have been used by human for decades.
They are used both in the fight against bacterial pathogens for both human and for animal …

The gut-brain axis is a bidirectional information interaction system between the central
nervous system (CNS) and the gastrointestinal tract, in which gut microbiota plays a key role …