The field of cardiac tissue engineering has made significant strides over the last few
decades, highlighted by the development of human cell derived constructs that have shown …

Connexins are a family of transmembrane proteins that play a key role in cardiac physiology.
Gap junctional channels put into contact the cytoplasms of connected cardiomyocytes …

Unique to striated muscle cells, transverse tubules (t-tubules) are membrane organelles that
consist of sarcolemma penetrating into the myocyte interior, forming a highly branched and …

Cardiomyocyte T tubules are important for regulating ion flux. Bridging integrator 1 (BIN1) is
a T-tubule protein associated with calcium channel trafficking that is downregulated in failing …

Connexins are tetraspan transmembrane proteins that form gap junctions and facilitate
direct intercellular communication, a critical feature for the development, function, and …

Gap Junction (GJ) channels, including the most common Connexin 43 (Cx43), have
fundamental roles in excitable tissues by facilitating rapid transmission of action potentials …

In the heart, Ca2+ influx via CaV1. 2 L-type calcium channels (LTCCs) is a multi-functional
signal that triggers muscle contraction, controls action potential duration, and regulates gene …

A robust and efficient cellular response to lysosomal membrane damage prevents leakage
from the lysosome lumen into the cytoplasm. This response is understood to happen through …

During each heartbeat, intercellular electrical coupling via connexin43 (Cx43) gap junctions
enables synchronous cardiac contraction. In failing hearts, impaired Cx43 trafficking reduces …

Regulation of IP3 receptors (IP3Rs) by IP3 and Ca2+ allows regenerative Ca2+ signals, the
smallest being Ca2+ puffs, which arise from coordinated openings of a few clustered IP3Rs …